Evidence of human settlement at Casoli is not restricted to that mentioned above.
Ample evidence is provided in the many cupels that surface from the ground amidst lumps of limestone or appear in the walls and floors of local caves and shelters, or the serpentiform incisions – very probably representing the snake goddess, a divinity of the Indo-europeans.
The Roman armies arrived at the banks of the Serchio during the second Punic war.
Unfortunately the archeological record left by Roman settlements in the valley are scarce and are largely confined to coin finds. Diverse pottery fragments from the 3rd century A.D. have been found in a hollow called the Grotta della Piella in the Solco del Monte area, close to Casoli. it was possible to date this because twenty coins were found at the site.
As with the Garfagnana region, there is a paucity of both archeological discoveries a resounding silence in the historical and literary sources with regard to the Val di Lima. Also for this historical period, place-names provide useful support for the study and analysis of the peoples who lived here.

On the phase of Etruscan place-names, which could indicate the presence of this people in the area around the 6th-5th centuries B.C., we find place-names typical of a process of Romanisation, therefore of the early imperial period, characterised by the endings “-iano, -iana” (Crasciana, Lugliano, Casabasciana, Mammiano), showing that the area belonged to a settler (probably a retired soldier). An interesting symptom of the intermingling of Etruscans and Romans is found in anomalous pronunciation of “Còcciglia” which, although of Latin origin, seems to follow a typically Etruscan stress pattern.
If we further consider place-names deriving from Latin nouns or adjectives, like Fornoli, Granaiolo, Vico-Pancellorum, Lucchio, Casoli, Scesta, we end up with a body of evidence - albeit indirect - for the Romanisation of the Val di Lima, which is much more abundant than that supplied by the few archeological remains so far discovered.